5.+The+Early+Republic,+1789-1815

Sharon Lee

=The Early Republic, 1789-1815=

a) Washington, Hamilton, and shaping of the national government

1.Bank of the United States -main idea of having a central bank was to regulate banking and issue a common type of currency 2.loose and strict construction -loose construction: when the constitution is not very specific of the laws and can be interpreted in many way -strict construction: when the constitution must be carried out completely and does not include any flexibility 3.Judiciary Act -established the U.S. Supreme Court and a federal court system -granted Congress the power to create smaller level courts 4.Supreme Court -consists of one chief justice and six justices according to the Judiciary Act -has the power to consider a law unconstitutional -John Jay was the first chief justice appointed by George Washington 5.Branches of Government -legislative: creates the laws -executive: enforces the law -judicial: makes decision on court cases and determines things to be unconstitutional

b) Emergence of political parties: Federalists and Republicans

1.Federalist Perspective -wanted a strong central government that would have more power than the states 2.Republican Perspective (Anti-Federalists) -wanted a weak central government where the most power lied within the states (states' rights) 3.Major Leaders in Parties -Federalists: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, George Washington -Republicans (Anti Federalists): Thomas Jefferson, James Madison

c) Republican Motherhood and education for women

1.Abigail Adams 2.Philosophy of Republican Motherhood -women were the caretakers of children who would grow up to be the future of America and therefore it was believed that women needed to be educated in order to properly teach and educate 3.Support of Enlightenment 4.Seneca Falls Convention -created the Declaration of Sentiments -100 men and women signed the Declaration that asked for equal rights between men and women

d) Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening

1.temperance movement -to reduce the use and sale of alcohol -later became passed through the 18th amendment 2.abolitionism - a movement for the abolition of slavery 3.religious revival -church membership increased significantly

e) Significance of Jefferson’s presidency

1.louisiana purchase 2.election of 1800- Jefferson vs. Burr (tie) 3.12th Amendment -result of the tie between Jefferson and Burr -established that there would be two separate ballots for the president and the vice president 4.Barbary Wars 5.Lewis and Clark Expeditions (westward expansion) -expedition to the western coast in order to collect geographic data of the area and compete with the British for control of land

f) Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West; American Indian resistance

1. land ordinances of 1785 -separated the land that was east of the Mississippi, north of Ohio and west of the Appalachian mountains into states which were then separated into townships of six miles

g) Growth of slavery and free Black communities

1.Slave Trade -triangular route of trade of primarily slaves and some goods between North America, Africa and Europe 2.Underground Railroad - an underground passage for slaves to escape from slavery from the South to the North 3.Fugitive Slave Act -an act that stated all people that assisted slaves with escaping from slavery would be punished

h) The War of 1812 and its consequences

1. Causes -agriculture declined in the U.S. -increased equipment for troops -scarce availability of food -British impressment 2.Hatford Convention (resolutions) 3.Treaty of Ghent -ended the War of 1812 -gave back all land of British territory to America 4.Consequences -end of Federalist Party -led to Civil War -made the industrial north become more developed because of the increase in demand since Britain and France had interrupted the transportation of trade